Setting: When a where a story takes place.
Character: The people, animals, or non living beings that appear in a story.
Inference: A conclusion based mainly on references in the text (what can you figure out without the author coming right out and telling you)
Homograph: 2 words that are spelled the same but sound different (bow and bow)
Homophone: 2 words that sound the same but spelled different (right, write) (two, too, to)
Figurative Language: Language that contains or uses figures of speech (simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration, onomatopoeia, idiom)
Simile: Comparing two things using the words "like" or "as" (I am AS strong AS a brick wall)
Metaphor: Comparing two things WITHOUT using "like" or "as" (I am strong, I am a brick wall)
Alliteration: The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words (As the Wind Will Whisper)
Onomatopoeia: A word that is associated with the sound it makes (Shhh, boom, woof)
Personification: Giving human like characteristics to non-human beings. (The trees sighed in the wind)
Idiom: A saying that is particular to a group of people (it is raining cats and dogs OR he was in a real pickle)
Tone: The attitude in which the author writes.
Mood: The feelings that the reader or viewer gets from the passage.
Synonyms: Words that have similar meanings
Antonyms: Words that have opposite meanings
Conjunctions: Combines sentences (but, and, or, however)
Prepositions: Tells location (on, above, near, below)
Interjections: Interrupts a sentence (usually abruptly) and often followed by an exclamation point (Hey! Look! No way!)
Symbolism: Using an object to represent an idea
Imagery: When the author writes descriptively that invokes your 5 senses.
Hyperbole: An extreme exaggeration.
Repetition: When an author repeats a word of saying throughout the poem.
Imperative Sentence: Gives a command
Interrogative Sentence: Asks a question?
Declarative Sentence: Makes a statement.
Exclamatory Sentence: Shows extreme emotion!
Non- Not, negative (nonfat, nonsense, nondairy)
Mal- Bad, abnormal (malpractice, malnutrition, malpractice)
con-, col-, cor-, com-, co- together, with, joint, jointly (congress, conduction, conductor)( collaborate, collect, collide,) ( correlate, corrupt, coexist) (cooperate, coordinate, connect) ( composition ,components, decomposer)
Pro- Forward, prior to (proceed, process)
Per- Through or completely (perception, persistence)
Circum- Around, about (circumnavigate, circumvent)
Multi- Many, much (multicolor, multigrain, multimedia)
Over- to excess, too much (overrun, overeat)
Mono- Single, one (monologue, monopoly)
Dec-, deca-, deci-, ten (deacde, decathon, decagon)
Mille- Thousand (millipede, millisecond)
Compare: How items are similar
Contrast: How items are different
Text Structure: How an author organizers his or her writing.
- Compare and contrast
-Chronological (timeline)
-Sequence (step by step--recipes)
-Cause and Effect (Cause is the TRIGGER that results in the OUTCOME, or the effect)
Theme: What is the universal message the author is trying to tell you? Hint--if you are struggling to identify the theme, first determine the subject. For example, the subject may be "love." Then decide what the author wants you know about the subject. For example, does love overcome long distance or does love stink?
1st person point of view: The narrator (person telling the story) is right there and involved in the story. They are experiencing what is going on and you are hearing the story from their perspective. (Example: I woke up and looked around my dark room.)
2nd person point of view: The narrator tells the story using “you”. (Example: You woke up and looked around your dark room.)
3rd person point of view: The narrator (person telling the story) is NOT involved. You do not know who the narrator is.
3rd person can be further broken into 2 different types: 3rd person limited and 3rd person omniscient.
3rd person limited:Third person limited point of view is a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows only the thoughts and feelings of a single character, while other characters are presented only externally.
3rd person omniscient: Third person omniscient is a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story